Stephen Hawking โ€“ In Brief

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ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
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ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืกืš

ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•

ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1988, ื”ืคื›ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืœื›ืจืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื ืžื›ืจื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื– ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื—ืœื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžืงืจืžื•ืกืžื™ื™ื.

ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืื™ืฉืจื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ "ืงื•ืกืžื™ ืจืงืข ืกื™ื™ืจ", ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš 300,000 ืฉื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื•ื—ืฉืคื• ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืจืงื ื”ื—ืœืœ. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื™ืŸ.

ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื ืžืจืฅ ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื.

ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืื” ื” -21. ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’, ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’. ื”ื•ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืฉืชืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื ืฉืขื ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื.

ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœืชื• ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ืขืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ. ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.

ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ื. ืขื ืจื•ื’'ืจ ืคื ืจื•ื–, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจืžื–ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืกื•ืคื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื (1970). ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืขื ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื” -20. ืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืœื•ื˜ ืงืจื™ื ืช 'ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’' ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืœื (1974). ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื ืฉื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™.

ื–ื” ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื ืงื‘ืข ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ืข. ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ื• ืœืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืฉื ืžืชืžืงื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.

ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื—ืฆื™ ื ื›ืฉืœื• ืื‘ืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ืขื“ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื—ื‘. ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืื‘ืงื™ื. ื”ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืž- A-Z ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืจื›ืฉื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘ื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ืœื•ืช, ื”ื“ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช.


* ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”:

- ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœืžื”.
- ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ.
- ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
- ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’ '.
- ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื.
ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ืงื•ื.

ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช:

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืœื ืืžืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื•.
ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš
23 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2024

ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื”ืžืคืชื— ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื.
ืœื ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื
ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืคื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื”
ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉ?

stephen hawking

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