Visigoths: The Ancient History of a Goth Minority during the Roman Empire

The Visigoths were a significant Germanic people whose influence shaped the course of European history during late antiquity, a period commonly known as the Migration Period. Along with their eastern counterparts, the Ostrogoths, they were among the most powerful and notable Gothic factions within the Roman Empire during its decline. The Visigoths, who descended from earlier Gothic tribes, were particularly influenced by the Thervingi, a large tribe that entered Roman territory in 376. Their arrival marked a pivotal moment in the empire’s history, as they played a central role in the Roman defeat at the Battle of Adrianople in 378, a battle that resulted in devastating losses for the Romans.

The relationship between the Romans and the Visigoths was complex and often tumultuous, characterized by shifting alliances, conflicts, and treaties. At times, the Visigoths fought against the Romans, while at other moments, they formed temporary alliances. One of the most significant turning points came in 410, when the Visigoths, under their ambitious leader Alaric I, invaded Italy and famously sacked Rome. This act of conquest shocked the Roman world and marked the first time in over 800 years that the city had been captured by a foreign enemy.