Topics of presented papers presented: nanomaterials in pharmaceutics and medicine, nanomaterials in agriculture and ecology, bio-nanotechnologies, nanotoxicology and nano safety. In the volume presented the selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 4th International Research and Practical Conference Nanomaterials and Living Systems NLS-2016 which was hold on June 2- 3, 2016 at NUST MISiS, Moscow, Russia.