Information Economics: Big Ideas, the Global Economy, Technology, and Organizations

1. Asymmetric Information: This occurs when one party in a transaction has more or better information than the other. For example, in a used car market, the seller typically has more information about the car's condition than the buyer.

2. Adverse Selection: Arises when one party in a transaction has more information than the other before the transaction occurs. This can lead to market failure, as the party with less information may make decisions based on incomplete or inaccurate information.

3. Moral Hazard: Occurs when one party changes their behavior after entering into a transaction because they know the other party cannot observe or monitor their actions. For instance, an insured person might take more risks if they know their insurance company will bear the cost of any resulting losses.

4. Signaling and Screening: These are strategies used by parties to convey or acquire information in the presence of asymmetric information. Signaling refers to actions taken by one party to reveal information about themselves, while screening involves efforts by another party to gather information about the first party.

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