X-ray examinations of fine-grained soils from the Lower Mississippi Valley revealed numerous geologic features that are not visible to the unaided eye. These features include significant fracture patterns, details of planar bedding, cross-laminations and turbulence, secondary mineralizations, root penetrations and voids left by roots, the presence of disseminated organic matter and other details. These geologic features affect the strength properties of the soils in which they occur. Experiments with multiple specimens from single samples embodying different features demonstrated that many large variations in strength properties were not only directly dependent of these features but were predictable in a relative sense. Normally, these features are never identified during routine soils testing although the effects of these features contribute to erratic test results. Pretest radiographic examination is a potential means of avoiding these problems. (Author).