Evaluation of Watersheds in India

G. Sastry · J. Venkateswarlu · Y.V.R. Reddy · O. Prakash · K.P.R. Vittal

Abr 2004 · Scientific Publishers

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Director of Agro-Ecosystem (Rainfed Farming) and Scientific Advisory Panel, National Agricultural Technology Project, CRIDA (ICAR), Hyderabad approved the sanctioned the budget of Rs. 87,59,000 to study the impact of watershed development programme on sustainability of land productivity and socio-economic development (ROPS-14 & 14A). Preliminary survey was conducted at 37 locations under different agro-ecosystems in India. However, final survey was conducted at 31 locations under different agro-eco regions covering 40 farmers in watershed development programme area and 40 farmers in non-watershed area at each location. Ten farmers of each category (marginal, small, medium and large farmers) were selected based on stratified random sampling technique. Trained Field Investigators collected data from farmers at different locations in India. Proformance covered natural resources, vegetation, watershed programme activities executed in watershed area, cropping programme, resource use in crop production, constraints and perception of farmers, cost and returns from crops and other enterprises, effect of soil and water conservation etc. Data were collected from the head of each household. Thus it covered about 1240 farmers in watershed area and 1240 farmers in non-watershed area. It covered 9 watersheds managed by National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 6 watersheds managed by Ministry of Rural Development, 7 watersheds managed by Indian Council of Agriculture Research through its institutes, 5 watersheds managed by International Funded Agencies and 4 watersheds managed by Non-Government Organizations. Thus, we covered 5 different agencies. The study/surveys were conducted in arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and sub-parahumid regions in the country. Even different soils such as Alfisols, Vertisols, Inceptisols, Entisols, Aridisols, Cryothids, Verticsols etc. were covered. Different crops grown in India were also covered. Thus different agencies managed watersheds, different agro-ecosystems, various soil types etc. were covered for this study.The book indicates about raise in groundwater, soil erosion, runoff reduction, surface water generation, damage to soil and water conservation structures, productivity of crops, employment, income, benefit-cost ratio, perception of farmers on different problems etc. between watershed and non-watershed areas at each location under different agro-cliamtic conditions in India.
Recommendations were made based on results, observations made during tours and discussion with staff of watershed programme etc. This book provides comprehensive idea about watersheds in India.

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G. Sastry

Dr. G. Sasthri, Assistant Professor of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. She has 5 years of experience in research, seed production and extension; 2 years of experience in teaching. She has contributed 17 book chapters, published 26 research papers in National and International Journals and 15 popular articles both in Tamil and English. She has presented two papers in National Seminar. Her area of specialization includes cotton and pulses seed production.

J. Venkateswarlu

Dr. J. Venkateswarlu (Retd.) Director, Central Arid Zone Research Institute (ICAR), Jodhpur. He was Chief Scientist, Project Coordinator of AICRPDA and Head, Division of Resource Management, CRIDA (ICAR), Hyderabad. He worked as Additional Commissioner of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi before joining as Director at CAZRI (ICAR), Jodhpur. He worked as Consultant to World Bank Projects, MANAGE, Hyderabad and NIRD, Hyderabad. He wrote books in addition to publishing articles in different Journals.

Y.V.R. Reddy

Dr. Y.V.R. Reddy, Principal Scientist (Agricultural Economics) and Head, Division of Design and Analysis at CRIDA. He has been working on watersheds since 1983-84. He published more than 300 papers in national and international journals and proceedings of seminars etc. He has 33 years experience. He is Principal Investigator on socio-economic evaluation of watershed development programme in India which is basis for this project.

O. Prakash

Dr. Om Prakash, Senior Scientist (Agricultural Extension), Central Soil Conservation Research and Training Institute, Datia Research Centre, Datia (M.P.). He has about 15 years experience. He has 50 papers to his credit.

K.P.R. Vittal

Dr. K.P.R. Vittal, Project Coordinator, AICRPDA and Former Head, Division of Resource Management, Officer-in-Charge (Watershed Programmes), CRIDA (ICAR), Hyderabad. He published about dozen books and about 150 papers in national and international journals and proceedings of seminars etc. He is Soil Scientist with specialization of Soil Physics. He specialized in drylands having full knowledge in dryland agriculture farming etc.

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