Extremism

Β· MIT Press
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This compulsively readable introduction to extremism explains how these ideologies are constructed and how they escalate, offering both historical and contemporary examples

In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, J. M. Berger offers a nuanced introduction to the extremist movements threatening toΒ destabilize civil societies around the globe.Β He explains what extremism is, how extremist ideologies are constructed, and why extremism can escalate into violence. Berger shows that although the ideological content of extremist movements varies widely, there are common structural elements.
Β 
Berger describes the evolution of identity movements and individual and group radicalization, offering case studies and examples such as:

β€’Β The destruction of Carthage by the Romansβ€”often called β€œthe first genocide”
β€’Β The apocalyptic jihadism of Al Qaeda
β€’Β America's new β€œalt-right”
β€’Β The anti-Semitic conspiracy tract The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

Berger, an expert on extremist movements and terrorism, explains that extremism arises from a perception of β€œus versus them,” intensified by the conviction that the success of β€œus” is inseparable from hostile acts against β€œthem.” Extremism differs from ordinary unpleasantnessβ€”run-of-the-mill hatred and racismβ€”by its sweeping rationalization of an insistence on violence. If we understand its causes and the common elements of its movements, Berger says, we will be more effective in countering it.

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J. M. Berger is the author of Jihad Joe: Americans Who Go to War in the Name of Islam and coauthor (with Jessica Stern) of ISIS: The State of Terror. He is a fellow with the Counter-Terrorism Strategic Communications Project and a nonresident Fellow with the Alliance for Securing Democracy.

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