Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion

Martin Heidegger

2024년 5월 · The Collected Early Works of Martin Heidegger 22권 · Minerva Heritage Press

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A new translation of Martin Heidegger's early work "Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion'' (original German title "Einleitung in Die Phanomenologie der Religion"), originally published in 1921. This edition contains a new afterword by the Translator, a timeline of Heidegger's life and works, a philosophic index of core Heideggerian concepts and a guide for terminology across 19th and 20th century Existentialists. This translation is designed for readability and accessibility to Heidegger's enigmatic and dense philosophy. Complex and specific philosophic terms are translated as literally as possible and academic footnotes have been removed to ensure easy reading. In the winter semester of 1920/21 at the University of Freiburg, Heidegger delivered a lecture titled "Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion." Although the original lecture manuscript is lost, five sets of notes from students (Oskar Becker, Helene Weiß, Franz-Josef Brecht, and others) have allowed for a partial reconstruction of the lecture. The notes reveal that Heidegger's lecture can be divided into two distinct parts, separated by a hiatus on November 30, 1920, due to unspecified objections. Oskar Becker's notes, in particular, indicate the interruption and the shift from a "Methodical Introduction" to a "Phenomenological Explication of Concrete Religious Phenomena." This work is largely Exegetical as he examines Biblical passages utilizing a range of texts, utilizing a range of translations and tracing the slight differences including Erasmus' Novum Testamentum Graece cum apparatu critico ex editionibus et libris used by Melanchthon. Heidegger uses his distinctive phenomenological methodology to deconstruct religious experience, analyzing its fundamental elements and its significance for human existence. He ventures beyond traditional theological inquiry, integrating phenomenological, psychological, and historical dimensions to explore the nature of religion. Heidegger's approach is not a cataloguing of religious beliefs or practices, but rather an in-depth examination of the nature of religious experience, its impact on human consciousness, and its existential significance. This work is emblematic of Heidegger's broader philosophical project, which seeks to understand the fundamental nature of Being, Dasein, and Existence through the examination of various human experiences, including religion. The influence of Kierkegaard is palpable in this work in his rejection of the Positivist English Empiricist line of thought.

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Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century, particularly in the fields of phenomenology, existentialism and Ontochronology. His seminal work, Being and Time (Sein und Zeit), introduces the concept of "Dasein," or "being-there," as a way to explore the nature of human existence, focusing on temporality and the meaning of being. Heidegger challenged traditional Western metaphysics by emphasizing the situatedness of human beings within their world, a concept he described as "being-in-the-world." Though his brief association with the Nazi party has cast a shadow over his legacy, Heidegger's ideas have profoundly impacted disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, literature, and theology. His critiques of technology and "technological thinking" continue to resonate in contemporary discussions on modernity, alienation, and the essence of human existence.