John Ruskin (1819-1900) was a preeminent Victorian author, art critic, and social thinker whose work has had a profound impact on aesthetics and societal attitudes throughout the 19th century and beyond. Born in London to a wealthy family, he was educated at home and at Christ Church, Oxford. Ruskin's legacy encompasses a wide range of subjects including art and architecture, society and economy, nature and environment. His elegant prose and moral vision are exemplified in the extensive corpus he bequeathed to literary and cultural studies. Ruskin shot to prominence with the first volume of 'Modern Painters' (1843), his defense of the painter J.M.W. Turner's depiction of nature. As his interests evolved, so did his writing, with works like 'The Seven Lamps of Architecture' (1849) and 'The Stones of Venice' (1851-1853) helping to inform and reform Victorian taste and ideals. In 'The Harbours of England' (1856), Ruskin combines his artistic sensitivity with a deep-seated appreciation for the nation's interconnectedness through its waterways and the dignity of labor implicit in maintaining them. His concern for the moral and spiritual welfare of the individual in industrial society is evident throughout his essays and books, often advocating for a return to traditional craftsmanship and a closer relationship to nature. He was also a social activist, whose work 'Unto This Last' (1860) influenced Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence. Late in life, Ruskin founded the Guild of St George, a philanthropic organization aimed at social betterment. Renowned for his advocacy for high standards in art, intelligent social commentary, and impassioned prose, Ruskin's work remains vital in discussions on art, economy, and the environment.