History of Bali: Background of Its Culture, Powers and Economic Forces

Despite enduring a challenging colonial period under Dutch rule, Bali emerged as a beacon for the preservation of traditional culture, evolving into a premier tourist destination renowned for its cultural authenticity.

Geologically, Bali, much like other islands in the Indonesian archipelago, owes its formation to the intricate tectonic dance between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates.

The subduction of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate uplifted the ancient ocean floor, composed of fossilized marine remnants and coral reefs, to create the island we know today. Remnants of this ancient ocean floor, notably Tertiary limestone, are still visible in landmarks such as the imposing limestone cliffs of Uluwatu in the Bukit peninsula and Prapat Agung in the island's northwest.

The dynamic tectonic activity, stemming from the collision of these plates, has birthed a chain of volcanoes spanning the northern expanse of Bali, with the landscape evolving from west to east. Mount Agung, the island's tallest stratovolcano at 3,142 meters (10,308 ft), stands as a prominent testament to this geological dynamism, remaining active to this day.