A new translation into modern American English directly from the original Russian manuscript. This edition contains an Afterword by the translator, a timeline of Tolstoy's life and works, and a glossary of philosophic terminology used throughout Tolstoy's literature and philosophy. In "Thou Shalt Not Kill", Tolstoy addresses issues of violence, war, and the sanctity of life, providing a condemnation of the Socialist Revolution. He strongly condemns the act of killing, delving deep into the moral implications of warfare and any form of violence. The essay is influential in pacifist movements and discussions on the ethics of war and violence.