This book presents the results of the 6th International Conference on Nanostructures, Nanomaterials and Nanoengineering (ICNNN 2017) and the 2nd International Conference on Materials Technology and Applications (ICMTA2017) that were held in Tokyo, 26th -29th October, 2017. Published results of researches on nanostructures, nanomaterials, nanoengineering, materials processing technologies and their applications in the various areas of engineering will be interesting and useful for many academics, researchers and engineers.