On Liberty
John Stuart Mill
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On Liberty is an essay written by the British philosopher John Stuart Mill, first published in 1859. In this work, Mill explores the concept of individual liberty and its crucial importance for human and social development. Mill begins by discussing the principle of liberty, encapsulated in what he terms the harm principle : the only legitimate reason for society to coerce the actions of an individual is to prevent harm to others. He vehemently argues against government and societal interference in personal choices unless those choices harm others. The author passionately defends freedom of thought and expression as essential for human progress. Mill suggests that truth can only emerge through the free exchange of ideas, even those that are controversial. He advocates for tolerance of divergent views, believing that challenging prevailing opinions leads to societal advancement. Beyond freedom of thought, Mill addresses freedom of action, asserting that individuals should have the right to live their lives according to their own values and choices, as long as they do not harm others. He emphasizes the importance of diversity in lifestyles and personal experimentation for human flourishing and true fulfillment. On Liberty remains a seminal work and a cornerstone in discussions of individual liberty, civil rights, and the role of government in democratic societies. Mill s vision of liberty as a fundamental right and as a necessary condition for progress and human happiness remains relevant and inspiring to this day.
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