On the Problem of Empathy
dec. 2013 · Springer
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“Edith Stein, scholar and nun, is known today as much for her life as for her work. Because she was of Jewish descent, she was forced to sacrifice herself in the gas chambers of Auschwitz in 1942. But even before her conversion to Catholicism, she had distinguished herself as a scholar by her work as Husserl’s assistant in Freiburg and by her inaugural dissertation on empathy.The present work is a translation of this dissertation as it was published in 1917 in Halle. The conception of empathy that Edith Stein develops here follows very closely the work of Husserl in Volume II of the Ideas (Martinus Nijhoff, 1952). At the same time it is in contrast with his later Cartesian Meditations (Mrtinus Nijhoff, 1963), which attempt to resolve a somewhat different problem. Thus Edith Stein presents a distinction between the living body (Leib) as the center of orientation of the spatial world and the material body (Korper), understood as a physical thing. Since Maurice Merleau-Ponty also had access to Volume II of the Ideas when formulating his notion of the lived body (le corps vecu), it is not surprising to find his conception strikingly similar to that of Edith Stein at the same time as it presents some provocative contrasts. Though Edith Stein does not use the term, her concept of the spatial world adumbrates the Lebenswelt, which plays such a prominent role in contemporary phenomenology and existentialism.In her chapter on the mind, Edith Stein presents a concept of the cultural sciences and the method appropriate to them as opposed to the method of natural sciences. She develops this contrast in terms of Wilhelm Dilthey’s reliving understanding (nachlebendes Verstehen) with emendations in the context of her particular analysis. Also of interest is her outline of an approach to the structure of feeling as a basis for understanding value that takes into consideration Max Scheler’s work.This work, in general, is richly stimulating in its clear, concise analyses, apt examples, and relevance to problems that continue to concern philosophers today. The translator, it may be noted, is a grand niece of Edith Stein who is presently serving as assistant professor of philosophy at the State University College of New York at Oswego.”- Publisher
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