Rethinking Moral Status

Steve Clarke · Hazem Zohny · Julian Savulescu

2021年8月 · Oxford University Press

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Common-sense morality implicitly assumes that reasonably clear distinctions can be drawn between the "full" moral status that is usually attributed to ordinary adult humans, the partial moral status attributed to non-human animals, and the absence of moral status, which is usually ascribed to machines and other artifacts. These implicit assumptions have long been challenged, and are now coming under further scrutiny as there are beings we have recently become able to create, as well as beings that we may soon be able to create, which blur the distinctions between human, non-human animal, and non-biological beings. These beings include non-human chimeras, cyborgs, human brain organoids, post-humans, and human minds that have been uploaded into computers and onto the internet and artificial intelligence. It is far from clear what moral status we should attribute to any of these beings. There are a number of ways we could respond to the new challenges these technological developments raise: we might revise our ordinary assumptions about what is needed for a being to possess full moral status, or reject the assumption that there is a sharp distinction between full and partial moral status. This volume explores such responses, and provides a forum for philosophical reflection about ordinary presuppositions and intuitions about moral status.

作者简介

Steve Clarke is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia. He is also a Senior Research Associate in Ethics and Humanities Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, and the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Oxford. He has broad research interests in philosophy and bioethics. Hazem Zohny is Research Fellow in Bioethics at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford. His research focuses on the goals of medicine and the ethical implications of human enhancement technologies, as well as the bioprediction of behaviour and the use of neurointerventions for crime prevention. Julian Savulescu has held the Uehiro Chair in Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford since 2002. He directs the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics and co-directs the interdisciplinary Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities. He is Visiting Professorial Fellow in Biomedical Ethics at Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Distinguished Visiting Professor in Law, Melbourne University, where he directs the Biomedical Ethics Research Group.