SUMMER

YouHui Culture Publishing Company
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SUMMER

by Edith Wharton

I

A girl came out of lawyer Royall's house, at the end of

the one street of North Dormer, and stood on the

doorstep.

It was the beginning of a June afternoon. The

springlike transparent sky shed a rain of silver

sunshine on the roofs of the village, and on the

pastures and larchwoods surrounding it. A little wind

moved among the round white clouds on the shoulders of

the hills, driving their shadows across the fields and

down the grassy road that takes the name of street when

it passes through North Dormer. The place lies high

and in the open, and lacks the lavish shade of the more

protected New England villages. The clump of weepingwillows

about the duck pond, and the Norway spruces in

front of the Hatchard gate, cast almost the only

roadside shadow between lawyer Royall's house and the

point where, at the other end of the village, the road

rises above the church and skirts the black hemlock

wall enclosing the cemetery.

The little June wind, frisking down the street, shook

the doleful fringes of the Hatchard spruces, caught the

straw hat of a young man just passing under them, and

spun it clean across the road into the duck-pond.

As he ran to fish it out the girl on lawyer Royall's

doorstep noticed that he was a stranger, that he wore

city clothes, and that he was laughing with all his

teeth, as the young and careless laugh at such mishaps.

Her heart contracted a little, and the shrinking that

sometimes came over her when she saw people with

holiday faces made her draw back into the house and

pretend to look for the key that she knew she had

already put into her pocket. A narrow greenish mirror

with a gilt eagle over it hung on the passage wall, and

she looked critically at her reflection, wished for the

thousandth time that she had blue eyes like Annabel

Balch, the girl who sometimes came from Springfield to

spend a week with old Miss Hatchard, straightened the

sunburnt hat over her small swarthy face, and turned

out again into the sunshine.

"How I hate everything!" she murmured.

The young man had passed through the Hatchard gate, and

she had the street to herself. North Dormer is at all

times an empty place, and at three o'clock on a June

afternoon its few able-bodied men are off in the fields

or woods, and the women indoors, engaged in languid

household drudgery.

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Autoren-Profil

Edith Wharton was a woman of extreme contrasts; brought up to be a leisured aristocrat, she was also dedicated to her career as a writer. She wrote novels of manners about the old New York society from which she came, but her attitude was consistently critical. Her irony and her satiric touches, as well as her insight into human character, continue to appeal to readers today. As a child, Wharton found refuge from the demands of her mother's social world in her father's library and in making up stories. Her marriage at age 23 to Edward ("Teddy") Wharton seemed to confirm her place in the conventional role of wealthy society woman, but she became increasingly dissatisfied with the "mundanities" of her marriage and turned to writing, which drew her into an intellectual community and strengthened her sense of self. After publishing two collections of short stories, The Greater Inclination (1899) and Crucial Instances (1901), she wrote her first novel, The Valley of Decision (1902), a long, historical romance set in eighteenth-century Italy. Her next work, the immensely popular The House of Mirth (1905), was a scathing criticism of her own "frivolous" New York society and its capacity to destroy her heroine, the beautiful Lily Bart. As Wharton became more established as a successful writer, Teddy's mental health declined and their marriage deteriorated. In 1907 she left America altogether and settled in Paris, where she wrote some of her most memorable stories of harsh New England rural life---Ethan Frome (1911) and Summer (1917)---as well as The Reef (1912), which is set in France. All describe characters forced to make moral choices in which the rights of individuals are pitted against their responsibilities to others. She also completed her most biting satire, The Custom of the Country (1913), the story of Undine Spragg's climb, marriage by marriage, from a midwestern town to New York to a French chateau. During World War I, Wharton dedicated herself to the war effort and was honored by the French government for her work with Belgian refugees. After the war, the world Wharton had known was gone. Even her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Age of Innocence (1920), a story set in old New York, could not recapture the former time. Although the new age welcomed her---Wharton was both a critical and popular success, honored by Yale University and elected to The National Institute of Arts and Letters---her later novels show her struggling to come to terms with a new era. In The Writing of Fiction (1925), Wharton acknowledged her debt to her friend Henry James, whose writings share with hers the descriptions of fine distinctions within a social class and the individual's burdens of making proper moral decisions. R.W.B. Lewis's biography of Wharton, published in 1975, along with a wealth of new biographical material, inspired an extensive reevaluation of Wharton. Feminist readings and reactions to them have focused renewed attention on her as a woman and as an artist. Although many of her books have recently been reprinted, there is still no complete collected edition of her work.

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