Prophylaxis of valve obstruction and thromboembolism is carried out by careful anticoagulation and patient education. The new anticoagulants should for the time being not be used for anticoagulation in heart valve replacement patients. Early detection of complications (valve thrombosis, pannus formation preventing valve movement, paraprosthetic regurgitation, endocarditis, bleeding complications). Refer the patient to the correct unit for treatment. Endocarditis prophylaxis Careful treatment of the underlying diseases: hypertension, congestive heart failure Cooperation with hospital cardiologist