The City of the Sun

Tommaso Campanella

2007년 11월 · Cosimo, Inc.

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City of the Sun, written in 1602, is Tommaso Campanella's contribution to the body of literature concerned with utopia, the philosophical search for the perfect society. Campanella's utopia was based on a form of communism in which all possessions, including women and children, were shared by men. The great city was ruled by a spiritual leader named Metaphysic, whom Power, Wisdom, and Love served, overseeing all aspects of the society. Wisdom ensures that the sciences are properly taught, while Love ensures that men and women breed the most perfect children. Those with an interest in philosophy and sociology will find this book an intriguing take on the structure of an ideal society. Italian philosopher and theologian TOMMASO CAMPANELLA (1568-1639) became a monk at the age of fifteen. He was imprisoned for twenty-seven years for conspiring against the Spanish crown, and it was during this time that he wrote his most important works, including Atheismus triumphatus (1605) and Metaphysica (1609).

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A radical and innovative thinker, Tommaso Campanella lived a stormy life that was characterized by charges of political intrigue, imprisonment, philosophical speculation, poetic inspiration, and the practice of magic. Today he is best known as a political philosopher, author of the famous utopia, The City of the Sun (c.1602). Like his contemporary Giordano Bruno, Campanella emerged from the intellectual milieu of the Dominican order in southern Italy with a philosophical orientation that authorities considered heretical and dangerous. Imprisoned at Naples in 1599 (the year before Bruno's execution) on charges of heresy and plotting against Spanish rule, he was not released until 1626. Following another period of imprisonment at Rome and an examination of his views by the Roman Inquisition, he fled Italy in 1634, taking refuge in Paris, where he lived his last years. Before his imprisonment the defense by Bernardino Telesio of a naturalistic, empirically grounded philosophy of nature against the dominant Aristotelianism of the university deeply influenced Campanella. From Telesio he adopted the notions of heat and cold as active principles operative on matter, space, and time as prior to, and independent of, bodies and the concept of spirit as a corporeal power responsible for sensation and distinct from the intellective mind infused into humans by God. These doctrines gave a strongly naturalistic character to Campanella's concept of nature and humankind, but they were combined with an interest in magic that had its origins in ancient Neoplatonism and Hermeticism.