James Joyce (1882–1941), one of the most influential and innovative writers of the 20th century, was born in Dublin, Ireland. He is best known for his complex narrative techniques and exploration of the interior monologues of his characters, a style that would later be termed 'stream of consciousness'. 'The Dead' is a poignant short story from his 1914 collection 'Dubliners', and it encapsulates the themes of paralysis and epiphany that permeate his works. Joyce's literary career is marked by his masterful use of language and his relentless pursuit of new methods to articulate the human experience. Apart from 'Dubliners', his major works include 'A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man' (1916), which details the formative years of an aspiring writer, Stephen Dedalus, an alter ego of Joyce himself. His most renowned novel, 'Ulysses' (1922), captures the experiences of various characters on a single day in Dublin. Its intricate structure and stream-of-consciousness narrative was a groundbreaking development in modernist literature. Joyce's last work, 'Finnegans Wake' (1939), is notable for its innovative use of language and its experimental style. It remains one of the most challenging and revered works in English literature. Joyce's writings continue to be studied and celebrated for their linguistic creativity and depth of psychological insight.