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Description: Berkeley uses the Socratic mode of
inquiry in Three Dialogues between Hylas
and Philonous to question fundamental beliefs about knowledge and reality.
These dialogues are between Hylas (whose name is derived from the ancient Greek
word for matter) and Philonous, whose name means “lover of mind.” The new
physical sciences developed in the seventeenth century supported the
materialism proposed by Thomas Hobbes and several other philosophers. This
worldview proclaimed that all of reality consists of nothing but matter in
motion, thus promoting atheism and ethical skepticism. The implications for
politics, ethics, and religion caused concern among leading intellectuals in
the eighteenth century. Whatever the value of the positive claims presented in
this work, Berkeley foreshadows the philosophical impact of twentieth century
physics, which challenges the foundations of such materialism and calls for a
better understanding of both the physical and the mental aspects of reality.