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โ–ถ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™์ž๋“ค 1874(We Philologists by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)๊ฐ€ ์ด 13๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ(The Cultural Philistine, History, The Philosopher, The Scholar, Art, The Teacher, Religion, State War Nation, The Press, Natural Science, Folk Society, Commerce, Language)๋กœ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์žฌ์งํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋…์ผ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐœ์ง„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต(modern Christianity)์˜ ํ•ด์•…์„ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฌธํ™”(Greek antiquity)์™€ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฌธํ™”(the Alexandrian culture)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›„๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์‚ฌ์ƒ(later Greek thought)์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์žฅ๋œ ๋ฐ˜ํŽธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์‚ฌ์ƒ(early Greek thought)์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ์ „์  ๊ณ ๋Œ€(Classical antiquity)์˜ ์ข…๊ต์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์›์น™(religious and "liberal" principles)์ด ๋ฌด๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„! B

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โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ 1873(Thoughts out of Season by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche) ํ˜น์€ ์œ ํ–‰์— ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ(Unfashionable Observations and Thoughts Out of Season)์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)๊ฐ€ 1873๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1876๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•œ ๋„ค ํŽธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฌถ์€ ํŽธ์ง‘๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด๋Š” 10์—ฌ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์œ ๊ณ  ๋…ธํŠธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด 13๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ(The Cultural Philistine, History, The Philosopher, The Scholar, Art, The Teacher, Religion, State War Nation, The Press, Natural Science, Folk Society, Commerce, Language)๋กœ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํšํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ƒ์ „์— ์™„์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณธ์„œ์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋„ค ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION. The subject of education was one to which Nietzsche, especially during his residence in Basel, paid considerable attention, and his insight into it was very much deeper than that of, say, Herbert Spencer or even Johann Friedrich Herbart, the latter of whom has in late years exercised considerable influence in scholastic circles. โ–ท ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„œ๋ฌธ. ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐ”์ ค์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์€ ํ—ˆ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์ŠคํŽœ์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ์š”ํ•œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ํ—ˆ๋ฒ„ํŠธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊นŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋…„์€ ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ These scattered aphorisms, indeed, are significant as showing how far Nietzsche had travelled along the road over which humanity had been travelling from remote ages, and how greatly he was imbued with the pagan spirit which he recognised in Goethe and valued in Burckhardt. Even at this early period of his life Nietzsche was convinced that Christianity was the real danger to culture; and not merely modern Christianity, but also the Alexandrian culture, the last gasp of Greek antiquity, which had helped to bring Christianity about. โ–ท ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฉ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ์˜›๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑธ์–ด์˜จ ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”๋Š”์ง€, ๊ดดํ…Œ์—์„œ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌํ•˜๋ฅดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด๊ต์  ์ •์‹ ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊นŠ์ด ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์ƒ์•  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ—๋–ก์ž„์ธ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฌธํ™”๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Classical antiquity, however, was conveyed to the public through university professors and their intellectual offspring, and these professors, influenced (quite unconsciously, of course) by religious and "liberal" principles, presented to their scholars a kind of emasculated antiquity. โ–ท ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ „์  ๊ณ ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์  ํ›„์†๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ (๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ) ์ข…๊ต์ ์ด๊ณ  "์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ" ์›์น™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™”๋œ ๊ณ ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ WE PHILOLOGISTS. I. To what a great extent men are ruled by pure hazard, and how little reason itself enters into the question, is sufficiently shown by observing how few people have any real capacity for their professions and callings, and how many square pegs there are in round holes: happy and well chosen instances are quite exceptional, like happy marriages, and even these latter are not brought about by reason. โ–ท ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™์ž๋“ค. ์ œ1์žฅ. ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ด์„ฑ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง์—…๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ ์€์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„ค๋ชจ๋‚œ ๋ง๋š์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ: ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ›„์ž์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์ด์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ A man chooses his calling before he is fitted to exercise his faculty of choice. He does not know the number of different callings and professions that exist; he does not know himself; and then he wastes his years of activity in this calling, applies all his mind to it, and becomes experienced and practical. When, afterwards, his understanding has become fully developed, it is generally too late to start something new; for wisdom on earth has almost always had something of the weakness of old age and lack of vigour about it. โ–ท ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ง์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ƒ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋…ธ๋…„์˜ ์•ฝ์ ๊ณผ ํ™œ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.




-๋ชฉ์ฐจ(Index)-

โ–ถ ํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ(Prologue). ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ 

โ–ถ 8๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)

01. ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ๋“  ์ฒ ํ•™์ž(philosopher with a hammer)

02. ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Gott ist tott, 1882)

03. ์•„๋ชจ๋ฅดํŒŒํ‹ฐ(Amor Fati, 1882)

04. ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch, 1885)

05. ์˜์› ํšŒ๊ท€(ๆฐธ้ ๅ›žๆญธ, Ewige Wiederkunft, Eternal Return, 1885)

06. ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ TOP10

07. ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(Audio Books)์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)

08. ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche) ์–ด๋ก(Quotes)(99)

โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™์ž๋“ค 1874(We Philologists by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)

โ–ท We Philologists

โ–ท Translator's Preface To "We Philologists"

โ–ถ We Philologists

โ–ท Plans And Thoughts Relating To A Work On Philology(1875)

โ–ท The Final Draft of the First Chapter.

โ–ท The Greeks and the Philologists.

โ–ท The Death Of The Old Culture.

โ–ท Footnotes

โ–ถ ๋ถ€๋ก(Appendix). ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์„œ(The Hitchhikerโ€™s Guide to Worldsโ€™s Classics)

A01. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ์„œ์ (Harvard Book Store) ์ง์› ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋„์„œ 100์„ (Staffโ€™s Favorite 100 Books) & ํŒ๋งค๋„์„œ 100์œ„(top 100 Books)

A02. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€(Seoul University) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100

A03. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€(Yonsei University) ํ•„๋…๋„์„œ ๊ณ ์ „ 200์„ 

A04. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(Korea University) ์„ธ์ข…์บ ํผ์Šค ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A05. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ยท์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€(SKY University) ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 60๊ถŒ

A06. ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€(Sungkyunkwan University) ์˜ค๊ฑฐ์„œ(ไบ”่ปŠๆ›ธ) ์„ฑ๊ท  ๊ณ ์ „ 100์„ 

A07. ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€(Kyung Hee University) ํ›„๋งˆ๋‹ˆํƒ€์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Humanitas College) ๊ต์–‘ํ•„๋…์„œ 100์„ 

A08. ํฌ์Šคํ…(ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€,POSTECH) ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋„์„œ 100์„ 

A09. ์นด์ด์ŠคํŠธ(KAIST) ๋…์„œ๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์ œ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ 100๊ถŒ

A10. ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ(Literary Awards) ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋„์„œ(44)

A11. ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?)

A12. ์˜ํ™”ยท๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(Movies and TV Shows Based on English Classic Books)

โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

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โ–ถ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ 

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ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ € ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒธ๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์—„์„ ํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ช…ํ™” ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์˜ โ€˜ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ & ์ž‘ํ’ˆโ€™ ํ•ด์„ค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ(free public domain audioBooks) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณต์Šค(LibrIVox) ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๋ถ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์—๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์ €์˜ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ๋งˆ์—ฌํ–‰์‹ ๋ฌธ TTN Korea ์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „(English Classics) 999์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์ œ๋„, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„, ๋‚ด์ผ๋„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„!

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โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900) 27๋ถ€์ž‘

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „075 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์„ ์•…์˜ ์ €ํŽธ 1886

English Classics075 Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „083 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์งœ๋ผํˆฌ์Šคํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 1883

English Classics083 Thus Spake Zarathustra by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „963 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฉ”๋กœ์Šค์™€ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™ 1868

English Classics963 Homer and Classical Philology by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „964 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 1872

English Classics964 On the Future of our Educational Institutions by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „965 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ; ๋˜๋Š” ํ—ฌ๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์—ผ์„ธ์ฃผ์˜ 1872

English Classics965 The Birth of Tragedy; or, Hellenism and Pessimism by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „966 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ 1๋ถ€ 1873

English Classics966 Thoughts out of Season, Part I by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „967 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ 2๋ถ€ 1873

English Classics967 Thoughts Out of Season, Part II by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „968 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œํ•™์ž๋“ค 1874

English Classics968 We Philologists by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „969 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ 1๋ถ€ 1878

English Classics969 Human, All-Too-Human: A Book for Free Spirits, Part 1 by Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „970 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ 2๋ถ€ 1878

English Classics970 Human, All-Too-Human: A Book for Free Spirits, Part 2 by Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „971 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์•„์นจ๋†€ 1881

English Classics971 The Dawn of Day by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „972 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ 1882

English Classics972 The Joyful Wisdom("La Gaya Scienza") by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „973 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 1๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics973 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „974 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 2๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics974 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „975 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 3๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics975 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „976 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค 4๋ถ€ 1883

English Classics976 Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „977 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋„๋•์˜ ๊ณ„๋ณด 1887

English Classics977 The Genealogy of Morals by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „978 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1888

English Classics978 The Case of Wagner by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „979 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์šฐ์ƒ์˜ ํ™ฉํ˜ผ 1889

English Classics979 The Twilight of the Idols; or, How to Philosophize with the Hammer by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „980 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆํ‹ฐํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ(์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„) 1895

English Classics980 The Antichrist by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „981 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์ง‘ 1896

English Classics981 The Case of Wagner, Nietzsche Contra Wagner, and Selected Aphorisms by Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „982 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 1๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics982 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book I

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „983 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 2๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics983 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book II

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „984 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 3๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics984 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book III

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „985 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์˜ ์˜์ง€ 4๋ถ€ 1901

English Classics985 The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book IV

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „986 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ 1908

English Classics986 Ecce Homo by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

์˜์–ด๊ณ ์ „987 ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—์„ธ์ด๋“ค 1909

English Classics987 Early Greek Philosophy and Other Essays by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

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โ–ถ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)

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โ–ถ ๋…์ผ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋นŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844~1900)์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํ”„๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์™• ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋นŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„ 4์„ธ(Frederick William IV of Prussia)์™€ ์ƒ์ผ(10์›” 15์ผ)์ด ๊ฐ™์•„ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ž‘ ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ(Friedrich)๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ฉ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์šฐ์ƒ์˜ ํ™ฉํ˜ผ(Twilight of the Idols, 1889)์˜ ๋ถ€์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๋กœ ์ฒ ํ•™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•(How to Philosophise with the Hammer)์ด๋ผ ๋ถ™์˜€๊ณ , ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค ๋ง์น˜(Hammer)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ๋“  ์ฒ ํ•™์ž(philosopher with a hammer)๋ž€ ์นญํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์ฒ ํ•™์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„โ€™๋ฅผ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ํ•ด๋จธ(Nietzsche's Hammer)๋ผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ The hesitation of the disciples. "We are already able to bear with this doctrine, but we should destroy the many by means of it!" Zarathustra laughs: โ€œYe shall be the hammer: I laid this hammer in your hands.โ€ โ–ท ์ œ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ง์„ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฉธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋„ˆํฌ๋Š” ๋ง์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„ˆํฌ์˜ ์†์— ์ฅ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ.โ€

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โ–ถ ๋…์ผ ๋ฃจ์ฒธ(Lรผtzen) : ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche)๋Š” 1844๋…„ ํ”„๋กœ์ด์„ผ์˜ ์†Œ๋„์‹œ ๋ฃจ์ฒธ(Lรผtzen)์—์„œ ์ถœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฃจ์ฒธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฌ˜๋น„ ๋“ฑ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Universitรคt) : ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” 1864๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณธ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitรคt Bonn)๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ตฐ(1867)์— ์ž…๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1868๋…„ ๋‚™๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์นœ ํ›„ 1868๋…„ ๋ผ์ดํ”„์น˜ํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Universitรคt Leipzig)์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•™์—…์„ ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๋ฐ”์ ค(Basel) : ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” 1869๋…„ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 24์„ธ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๋ฐ”์ ค(Basel)์˜ ๋ฐ”์ ค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(Universitรคt Basel) ๊ณ ์ „๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž„์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1879๋…„ 35์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ž„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ๋นŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฅดํŠธ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ(Wilhelm Richard Wagner, 1813~1883), ๋…์ผ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋น„๋‹ค ํฐ ๋ฉ”์ด์„ผ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ(Malwida von Meysenbug, 1816~1903), ์ง€ํœ˜์ž ๊ฒธ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋„ ํฐ ๋ทœ๋กœ ๋‚จ์ž‘(Hans Guido Freiherr von Bรผlow, 1830~1894), ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋ณผํ”„๊ฐ• ์—๋ฅธ์ŠคํŠธ ํŒŒ์šธ๋ฆฌ(Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, 1900~1958) ๋“ฑ ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‘๋ฃจ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ๋…์ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด(Weimar) : ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ž„ ํ›„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์š”์–‘์— ์ „๋…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜โ€ฆโ€ฆ. 1889๋…„ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ† ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๊ณ , ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋ ค 10๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋…์ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด(Weimar)์—์„œ ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃฝ์€ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฃจ์ฒธ(Lรผtzen) ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ง‘์— ์•ˆ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „ 10์—ฌ๋…„์„ ๊ฐ์ข… ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ •์‹  ์ฐฉ๋ž€์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง‘ํ•„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์™ธ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ผ์ฒด ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ๋„๋•์˜ ๊ณ„๋ณด(Zur Genealogie der Moral, 1887)๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ €์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด(Weimar)์— 1894๋…„ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ(Nietzsche Archive)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•ด, ์˜ค๋น ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํ›„์— ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ํž˜์—์˜ ์˜์ง€(Der Wille zur Macht, 1901)๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค ๋‹ˆ์ฒด(Therese Elisabeth Alexandra Fรถrster-Nietzsche, 1846~1935)๊ฐ€ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ๋ณธ์„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ชจ์€ ํŽธ์ง‘๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Gott ist tott, 1882) : ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ(Die frรถhliche Wissenschaft, 1882)์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Gott ist tott)๋Š” ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ๊ด€๋…๋ก (่ง€ๅฟต่ซ–, idealism)๊ณผ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™(ๅฝข่€ŒไธŠๅญธ, metaphysics)์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด์ฃผ์˜(่™›็„กไธป็พฉ, Nihilism)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Gott ist tott. Gott bleibt todt. Und wir haben ihn getodtet. Wie trosten wir uns, die Morder aller Morder? โ–ท ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ด์ธ์ž์˜ ์‚ด์ธ์ž์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์œ„๋กœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?

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โ–ถ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ, ์•„๋ชจ๋ฅดํŒŒํ‹ฐ(Amor Fati, 1882) : ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ์•„๋ชจ๋ฅดํŒŒํ‹ฐ(Amor Fati)๋Š” Love of fate, Love your fate์ฏค์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง๋กœ๋Š” ์šด๋ช…์• (้‹ๅ‘ฝๆ„›), โ€˜๋„ค ์šด๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ผโ€™๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ(Die frรถhliche Wissenschaft, 1882)์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋˜ ๋‹ด๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—, 2017๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์˜ˆ๋Šฅ์—์„œ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊น€์—ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ณก๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€์š”! ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๋˜ํ•œ โ€˜์˜ค๋Š˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋‚ด์ผโ€™์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹ฑํฌ๋กœ์œจ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch, 1885) : ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐœ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch)๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง ์ดˆ์ธ(่ถ…ไบบ, overman)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž(่ถ…่ƒฝๅŠ›่€…, Superman)์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค(Also sprach Zarathustra, 1885)์˜ ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch)์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ The รœbermensch represents a shift from otherworldly Christian values and manifests the grounded human ideal. โ–ท ์œ„๋ฒ„๋ฉ˜์‰ฌ(รœbermensch)๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ ์˜์› ํšŒ๊ท€(ๆฐธ้ ๅ›žๆญธ, Ewige Wiederkunft, Eternal return, 1885) : ์ฐจ๋ผํˆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค(Also sprach Zarathustra, 1885)์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ ์˜์› ํšŒ๊ท€(ๆฐธ้ ๅ›žๆญธ, Ewige Wiederkunft)๋ž€ โ€˜์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ์›ํ™˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ๋‹ค.โ€™๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๊น”๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์ธ๋„์™€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ต์˜ ์œคํšŒ(่ผชๅปป) ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–ถ Die Ewige Wiederkunft des Gleichen ist ein zentraler Gedanke in Friedrich Nietzsches Philosophie, dem zufolge sich alle Ereignisse unendlich oft wiederholen. Dieses zyklische Zeitverstรคndnis ist fรผr Nietzsche die Grundlage hรถchster Lebensbejahung. โ–ท ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜์›ํ•œ ๊ท€ํ™˜์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฒด ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœํ™˜์  ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์–ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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