Christian J. Tams is Professor of International Law at the University of Glasgow, where he directs the Research Group on International Law, Conflict and Security. His academic work focuses on the use of force, investment law and international courts and tribunals. In addition to his academic work, Professor Tams regularly advises states and other actors in matters of international law, recently acting in proceedings before the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the Iran-US Claims Tribunal, as well as arbitral tribunals (ICSID, ICC).