Malaria vaccines are an important new tool in the fight against malaria. To support vaccine introduction and scale-up, a global research agenda has been developed that highlights the key evidence needed to guide effective malaria vaccine implementation. The research agenda was developed through a broad consultative process with national immunization and malaria programmes, research institutions from malaria-affected countries, regional and global bodies, civil society organisations, and technical partners working in malaria and immunization programming and research. The result is a set of prioritized research questions to guide future research, inform research funding decisions and enable effective global coordination to address priority evidence needs for malaria vaccine implementation.